The 9th and 10th century Viking, Muslim, and Magyar invasions broke the European monarchies. The kings became overwhelmed with attacks reigning in on Europe from all sides. Being spread too thin, their power and influence dwindled to irrelevance as the kings lacked defensive resources. In desperation, the people turned toward local nobles for protection. It … More Feudalism and Manorialism
The five pillars of literature are sovereignty, authority, law, sanctions, and succession/inheritance. Greek, Roman, and Christian literature address those points. Paul’s epistles are no exception. In the epistles, sovereignty, authority, law, and sanctions are relatively straightforward. Jesus is sovereign, He has authority over all the earth, the law is stated in the Bible, and the … More Paul’s Epistles: Heavenly Inheritance and Godly Adoption
Emperor Justinian ruled the Byzantine Empire. An economic shift started when Constantine built Constantinople. Gradually, Rome’s power dwindled. When Odoacer conquered the city of Rome—the former military capital of the world—the entire earth shook. Powers shifted and Constantinople led the remaining Eastern Roman Empire, what’s commonly referred to as the Byzantine Empire. Justinian is the … More Procopius on Emperor Justinian
Asher Sisneros 