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Continue reading →: Augustine’s Message to Christian Americans
Saint Augustine of Hippo lived during the Roman Empire’s collapse. It had already been a politically Christian nation, so its fall was alarming for the Church. To much of the world, it appeared that Christianity was toppling over, and without Rome, there was no hope for the Christians. However, Saint…
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Continue reading →: The Albigensians/Cathars
The Albigensians were a medieval religious sect that broke away from Catholicism. Their beliefs were an awkward merger between Satanic Manichaeism and Catholic Christianity. While they worshiped Jehovah and Christ on paper, they were also dualists like the Manicheans. In that regard, they believed in two gods. One was the…
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Continue reading →: The Fourth Crusade (AD 1201-1204)
The Fourth Crusade (AD 1201-1204) was an unmitigated disaster. It was so chaotic that Pope Innocent Ⅲ excommunicated the Crusaders for their immorality. Their horrible decisions multiplied and caused a chain reaction of mistakes, tarnishing the reputation of all the Crusades. Christians were murdered by Christians during the onslaught, and…
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Continue reading →: Three Crusade Misconceptions
The Crusades were wildly misunderstood by the public following World War 2. Sir Steven Runcimen’s work, The History of the Crusades, denounced the wars to reclaim the Holy Land as all equally repugnant, disregarding the nuances of war. His take rose in popularity and became the cultural norm. Modern historians…
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Continue reading →: Polycarp and Perpetua on Hell
Hell is a universal fear across all cultures. It is a large incentive for moral conduct in various religions, including Christianity. Even non-religious American atheists who reject the belief in an afterlife acknowledge how terrifying it would be for them if such a place existed. The Christian martyrs during the…
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Continue reading →: What Indulgences Are
Indulgences fell into disfavor by the Protestant Reformation because the Roman Catholic Church perverted them. There has been a large misconception about indulgences ever since then. They are not “free passes” to sin. The Christian does not obtain salvation by purchasing or engaging in an indulgence. It is necessary to…
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Continue reading →: The Great Schism of 1054
The Great Schism of 1054 was more than a theological or cultural dispute within the Church. It was a civil war between East and West. Patriarch Michael Cerularious and Cardinal Humbert officially divided the Church into two factions, but the resentment between Constantinople and Rome did not develop overnight. It…
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Continue reading →: The Seven Sacraments
The seven sacraments are visible signs and seals of God’s grace. They are rites that allow people to feel the immaterial and invisible grace of God in a physical sense. While there are numerous ways to feel that divine love in an abstract sense, the Roman Catholic Church acknowledges seven…
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Continue reading →: ‘The First Apology of Justin Martyr’ on Predestination Compared to ‘Romans’
The First Apology of Justin Martyr became a Christian classic. It was a famous defense of Christian morality that refuted nearly every Roman criticism. The book even elaborated on the parallels between Christianity and Greek Hellenism, proving how illogical the Christian persecutions were. Justin Martyr was a daring Christian who…
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Continue reading →: The Quest for My Job
Dr. Gary North preaches the importance of a calling. He defines it as the thing you can do in which you are most difficult to replace. Jobs exist to fund the calling, and while a person’s calling is the most important thing they can do in their life, their job…






