The Seven Sacraments

The seven sacraments are visible signs and seals of God’s grace. They are rites that allow people to feel the immaterial and invisible grace of God in a physical sense. While there are numerous ways to feel that divine love in an abstract sense, the Roman Catholic Church acknowledges seven sacraments: Baptism, confirmation, the Eucharist/Holy … More The Seven Sacraments

‘The First Apology of Justin Martyr’ on Predestination Compared to ‘Romans’

The First Apology of Justin Martyr became a Christian classic. It was a famous defense of Christian morality that refuted nearly every Roman criticism. The book even elaborated on the parallels between Christianity and Greek Hellenism, proving how illogical the Christian persecutions were. Justin Martyr was a daring Christian who stood against the tyrannical Roman … More ‘The First Apology of Justin Martyr’ on Predestination Compared to ‘Romans’

Christendom

Christendom was a multinational society comprising the Christian community. It was a multi-ethnic brotherhood between all Christians, regardless of their nationality, ethnicity, gender, etc. But it was more than just a brotherhood. It was a single nation built up of various nations.  Monks and bishops traveled between countries preaching. They were not missionaries to foreign … More Christendom

How Pope Gregory the 7th Gave the West Liberty

Pope Gregory the 7th started the Gregorian Reform. Lay control was a corrupt merger between the state and the church, giving unordained men the authority to appoint abbots, bishops, and popes. It became prominent during the 10th and 11th centuries in Europe as feudalism created a noble-centered political atmosphere. The merits of feudalism can be … More How Pope Gregory the 7th Gave the West Liberty

The Corrupt Medieval State and Church Merger and the Insufficient Moderate Reform

The European Church was hard-pressed with corruption during the 10th and 11th centuries. Lay control infiltrated every church office. While feudalism had its benefits in causing power decentralization, giving lords and vassals increasing prominence and kings less, it also became an obstacle for the church.  The lords exercised supreme power over their lands. Monasteries were … More The Corrupt Medieval State and Church Merger and the Insufficient Moderate Reform

Ethical Analysis: Jesus and Zeus

Christianity and Greek Hellenism were fundamentally at odds in Rome. Over the centuries, one religion rose in prominence while the other dissolved into irrelevance. Zeus’ worshipers controlled the cultural norms, but now they are an insignificant and minuscule number on paper. This radical change occurred because of the truth of the Gospel. It fascinated civilization … More Ethical Analysis: Jesus and Zeus

How William the Conqueror Changed England

William the Conqueror led the Norman Invasion into England. After sequestering power, he implemented two monumental changes that shook the nation. Unlike his predecessors, the changes he implemented did not help the populace. Instead, they assisted in his consolidation of power.  After he put the Anglo-Saxon nobles into subjection, William the Conqueror commandeered all the … More How William the Conqueror Changed England

William the Conqueror

History is littered with great philosophical thinkers, scientists, and theologians. These men contributed to advancing the world, as yearners for knowledge and truth. However, history tends to remember them in second place, giving the true seats of glory to famed men of war and blood brokers. Like Hannibal, Alexander the Great, Napoleon Bonaparte, Julius Caesar, … More William the Conqueror